JCEG ID | JCEG157 | |||||||||
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Name | hst-2 WormBase NCBI Gene | |||||||||
Human Ortholog |
GGDB:HS2ST1 OMIM: 604844 OrthoList : HS2ST1 UST (Ensembl Compara)
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Family Name | Sulfotransferase and sulfation-related genes | |||||||||
Locus Tag | C34F6.4 | |||||||||
RNAi phenotype |
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Sequence Features | ||||||||||
Sequence | CDS |
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Protein |
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References |
Turnbull J, Drummond K, Huang Z, Kinnunen T, Ford-Perriss M, Murphy M, Guimond S Biochem. Soc. Trans. (2003) 31 (2) :343-8 [PMID : 12653634] Heparan sulphate sulphotransferase expression in mice and Caenorhabditis elegans. Bulow HE, Hobert O Neuron (2004) 41 (5) :723-36 [PMID : 15003172] Differential sulfations and epimerization define heparan sulfate specificity in nervous system development. Kinnunen T, Huang Z, Townsend J, Gatdula MM, Brown JR, Esko JD, Turnbull JE Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2005) 102 (5) :1507-12 [PMID : 15671174] Heparan 2-O-sulfotransferase, hst-2, is essential for normal cell migration in Caenorhabditis elegans. Rhiner C, Gysi S, Frohli E, Hengartner MO, Hajnal A Development (2005) 132 (20) :4621-33 [PMID : 16176946] Syndecan regulates cell migration and axon guidance in C. elegans. Hudson ML, Kinnunen T, Cinar HN, Chisholm AD Dev. Biol. (2006) 294 (2) :352-65 [PMID : 16677626] C. elegans Kallmann syndrome protein KAL-1 interacts with syndecan and glypican to regulate neuronal cell migrations. Berninsone PM WormBook (2006) :1-22 [PMID : 18050430] Carbohydrates and glycosylation. Gumienny TL, MacNeil LT, Wang H, de Bono M, Wrana JL, Padgett RW Curr. Biol. (2007) 17 (2) :159-64 [PMID : 17240342] Glypican LON-2 is a conserved negative regulator of BMP-like signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. Bulow HE, Tjoe N, Townley RA, Didiano D, van Kuppevelt TH, Hobert O Curr. Biol. (2008) 18 (24) :1978-85 [PMID : 19062279] Extracellular sugar modifications provide instructive and cell-specific information for axon-guidance choices. Bhattacharya R, Townley RA, Berry KL, Bulow HE J. Cell. Sci. (2009) 122 (Pt 24) :4492-504 [PMID : 19920077] The PAPS transporter PST-1 is required for heparan sulfation and is essential for viability and neural development in C. elegans. Shaye DD, Greenwald I PLoS ONE (2011) 6 (5) :e20085 [PMID : 21647448] OrthoList: a compendium of C. elegans genes with human orthologs. Aguirre-Chen C, Bulow HE, Kaprielian Z Development (2011) 138 (3) :507-18 [PMID : 21205795] C. elegans bicd-1, homolog of the Drosophila dynein accessory factor Bicaudal D, regulates the branching of PVD sensory neuron dendrites. Townley RA, Bulow HE J. Biol. Chem. (2011) 286 (19) :16824-31 [PMID : 21454666] Genetic analysis of the heparan modification network in Caenorhabditis elegans. Tornberg J, Sykiotis GP, Keefe K, Plummer L, Hoang X, Hall JE, Quinton R, Seminara SB, Hughes V, Van Vliet G, Van Uum S, Crowley WF, Habuchi H, Kimata K, Pitteloud N, Bulow HE Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2011) 108 (28) :11524-9 [PMID : 21700882] Heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 1, a gene involved in extracellular sugar modifications, is mutated in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Attreed M, Desbois M, van Kuppevelt TH, Bulow HE Nat. Methods (2012) 9 (5) :477-9 [PMID : 22466794] Direct visualization of specifically modified extracellular glycans in living animals. Berninsone PM, Hirschberg CB Glycoconj. J. 19 (4-5) :325-30 [PMID : 12975612] The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model to study the roles of proteoglycans. |
Functional Descriptions |
hst-2 hst-2 encodes the C. elegans ortholog of the heparan sulfate modifying enzyme 2O-sulfotransferase; by homology, HST-2 is predicted to function in heparan sulfate biosynthesis by catalyzing the chain-modifying sulfation of the C2 hydroxyl group of hexuronic acid; during development, hst-2 activity is required for normal body size, cell migration, and nervous system development; an hst-2::gfp reporter fusion is first expressed in embryos, continuing on through adulthood; expression is detected in many tissues, including the pharynx, hypodermis, muscles, vulva, and distal tip cells (DTCs) of the somatic gonad. |
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Deletion Mutants | ok855 ok595 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In Situ | In Situ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expression |
Expression
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WBGene00002029 Phenotype Homology_paralog |
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Phenotype | Definition | RNAi / Allele | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
axon fasciculation variant
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"The ability of axons to converge and form a bundle of nerve fibres (fascicle) is compromised." [GO:0007413, WB:WBPerson2021, WB:WBPerson557] |
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axon guidance variant
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"Variations in the cue-directed extension of an axon towards a specific target site compared to control. (Axon guidance often depends on a combination of attractive and repulsive cues)." [GO:0048846, WB:WBPerson2021] |
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axon midline crossing variant
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"Regulated ventral midline crossing by axons vary either in the frequency of crossing events or the maintenance through development of process positions compared to control." [GO:0016199, WB:WBPaper00032007, WB:WBPerson712] |
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cell homeostasis metabolism variant
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"Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways involved in the maintenance of a steady-state at the level of the cell compared to control." [GO:0019725, WB:WBPerson2021] |
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commissure handedness defective
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"Outgrowth of the commissure occurs on the side of the body different from that observed in control animals." [WB:WBPaper00032007, WB:WBPerson712] |
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cord commissures fail to reach target
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"Axon tracts fail to complete the connection between nerve cords. In C. elegans, these tracts grow circumferentially around the animal, completing the connection between the ventral and dorsal nerve cords." [WB:WBPaper00001499, WB:WBPaper00028984, WB:WBPerson712] |
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dendrite development variant
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"Any variation in the processes that influence the generation of neuronal extensions, that carry afferent (incoming) action potentials towards the cell body compared to control." [GO:0016358, WB:WBPerson2021] |
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distal tip cell migration variant
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" Variations in the migration pattern of distal tip cells compared to control animals. In C. elegans, DTCs located on the anterior and posterior ends of the gonad primordium typically migrate in a symmetrical U-shaped pattern." [GO:0040039, WB:WBPaper00003598, WB:WBPerson2021] |
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egg laying variant
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" Animals exhibit variations in the stage of eggs laid, egg laying cycle, number of eggs or egg laying in response to stimuli compared to control." [pmid:11813735, pmid:9697864, WB:cab] |
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HSN migration variant
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"Any variation in the normal anterior movement of the HSN motor neurons from their birthplace in the tail to positions near the middle of the embryo compared to control animals." [WB:WBPaper00001836, WB:WBPerson2021] |
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small
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"Animals are shorter and thinner than control animals at the same developmental stage." [WB:cab, WB:cgc31] |
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