JCEG ID JCEG157
Name hst-2      WormBase    NCBI Gene
Human Ortholog

GGDB:HS2ST1 

OMIM: 604844

OrthoList :   HS2ST1   UST  (Ensembl Compara)

GGDB Score E-val
HS2ST1 289 4e-80
UST 123 5e-30
Option tblastn : Query Worm Protein, Subject GGDB mRNA, E-val < 0.00001
Family Name Sulfotransferase and sulfation-related genes
Locus Tag C34F6.4
RNAi phenotype
phenotype proximal oocyte defect, sterile (50% n=20, see reference)
Microscope observation (Image)
COPAS (Image)

Normal

hsp-4::GFP (Image)
Sequence Features
Sequence CDS
Protein
References

Turnbull J, Drummond K, Huang Z, Kinnunen T, Ford-Perriss M, Murphy M, Guimond S Biochem. Soc. Trans. (2003) 31 (2) :343-8 [PMID : 12653634] Heparan sulphate sulphotransferase expression in mice and Caenorhabditis elegans.

Bulow HE, Hobert O Neuron (2004) 41 (5) :723-36 [PMID : 15003172] Differential sulfations and epimerization define heparan sulfate specificity in nervous system development.

Kinnunen T, Huang Z, Townsend J, Gatdula MM, Brown JR, Esko JD, Turnbull JE Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2005) 102 (5) :1507-12 [PMID : 15671174] Heparan 2-O-sulfotransferase, hst-2, is essential for normal cell migration in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Rhiner C, Gysi S, Frohli E, Hengartner MO, Hajnal A Development (2005) 132 (20) :4621-33 [PMID : 16176946] Syndecan regulates cell migration and axon guidance in C. elegans.

Hudson ML, Kinnunen T, Cinar HN, Chisholm AD Dev. Biol. (2006) 294 (2) :352-65 [PMID : 16677626] C. elegans Kallmann syndrome protein KAL-1 interacts with syndecan and glypican to regulate neuronal cell migrations.

Berninsone PM WormBook (2006) :1-22 [PMID : 18050430] Carbohydrates and glycosylation.

Gumienny TL, MacNeil LT, Wang H, de Bono M, Wrana JL, Padgett RW Curr. Biol. (2007) 17 (2) :159-64 [PMID : 17240342] Glypican LON-2 is a conserved negative regulator of BMP-like signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Bulow HE, Tjoe N, Townley RA, Didiano D, van Kuppevelt TH, Hobert O Curr. Biol. (2008) 18 (24) :1978-85 [PMID : 19062279] Extracellular sugar modifications provide instructive and cell-specific information for axon-guidance choices.

Bhattacharya R, Townley RA, Berry KL, Bulow HE J. Cell. Sci. (2009) 122 (Pt 24) :4492-504 [PMID : 19920077] The PAPS transporter PST-1 is required for heparan sulfation and is essential for viability and neural development in C. elegans.

Shaye DD, Greenwald I PLoS ONE (2011) 6 (5) :e20085 [PMID : 21647448] OrthoList: a compendium of C. elegans genes with human orthologs.

Aguirre-Chen C, Bulow HE, Kaprielian Z Development (2011) 138 (3) :507-18 [PMID : 21205795] C. elegans bicd-1, homolog of the Drosophila dynein accessory factor Bicaudal D, regulates the branching of PVD sensory neuron dendrites.

Townley RA, Bulow HE J. Biol. Chem. (2011) 286 (19) :16824-31 [PMID : 21454666] Genetic analysis of the heparan modification network in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Tornberg J, Sykiotis GP, Keefe K, Plummer L, Hoang X, Hall JE, Quinton R, Seminara SB, Hughes V, Van Vliet G, Van Uum S, Crowley WF, Habuchi H, Kimata K, Pitteloud N, Bulow HE Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2011) 108 (28) :11524-9 [PMID : 21700882] Heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 1, a gene involved in extracellular sugar modifications, is mutated in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.

Attreed M, Desbois M, van Kuppevelt TH, Bulow HE Nat. Methods (2012) 9 (5) :477-9 [PMID : 22466794] Direct visualization of specifically modified extracellular glycans in living animals.

Berninsone PM, Hirschberg CB Glycoconj. J. 19 (4-5) :325-30 [PMID : 12975612] The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model to study the roles of proteoglycans.

WormBase (WS254)

Functional Descriptions hst-2

hst-2 encodes the C. elegans ortholog of the heparan sulfate modifying enzyme 2O-sulfotransferase; by homology, HST-2 is predicted to function in heparan sulfate biosynthesis by catalyzing the chain-modifying sulfation of the C2 hydroxyl group of hexuronic acid; during development, hst-2 activity is required for normal body size, cell migration, and nervous system development; an hst-2::gfp reporter fusion is first expressed in embryos, continuing on through adulthood; expression is detected in many tissues, including the pharynx, hypodermis, muscles, vulva, and distal tip cells (DTCs) of the somatic gonad.
Deletion Mutants ok855 ok595
In Situ In Situ   
Expression Expression
db_name wbbt name def reliability expr_pattern paper WormAtlas
WB WBbt:0003675

muscle cell "contractile cell that makes up muscle tissue." [WB:rynl] Partial WB:Expr3186 WBPaper00024916 WormAtlas
WB WBbt:0003679

neuron "Major cell type of nervous tissue, specialized for transmission of information in the form of patterns of impulses." [ISBN:0140512888] Enriched WBPaper00030839 : Embryo_Pan_Neuronal
WBPaper00030839 WormAtlas
WB WBbt:0003681

pharynx "the feeding organ, a neuro-muscular pump in the head of the animal, used to ingest food, bacteria suspended in liquid, filter them out, grind them up and transport posteriorly into the instestine." [WB:rynl] Certain WB:Expr3186 WBPaper00024916 WormAtlas
WB WBbt:0004506

gon_herm_dtc_P "Posterior distal tip cell, inhibit meiosis in neighbouring germ cells, lead gonad during morphogenesis, herm gonad" [ISBN:0-87969-307-X] Certain WB:Expr3186 WBPaper00024916
WB WBbt:0004520

gon_herm_dtc_A "Anterior distal tip cell, inhibit meiosis in neighbouring germ cells, lead gonad during morphogenesis, herm gonad" [ISBN:0-87969-307-X] Certain WB:Expr3186 WBPaper00024916
WB WBbt:0005406

ALM "Neuron class of two anterior sensory neurons that transduce touch stimuli." [WB:Paper00000938] Enriched WBPaper00040420 : ALM_PLM_enriched
WBPaper00040420
WB WBbt:0005490

PLM "Neuron class of two posterior sensory neurons that transduce touch stimuli." [WB:Paper00000938] Enriched WBPaper00040420 : ALM_PLM_enriched
WBPaper00040420
WB WBbt:0005733

hypodermis "epidermal layer" [WB:pws] Certain WB:Expr2902 WBPaper00006471
WB WBbt:0005733

hypodermis "epidermal layer" [WB:pws] Certain WB:Expr3186 WBPaper00024916
WB WBbt:0005829

ventral nerve cord "a large process bundle that runs along the vental mid-line extending from the ventral region of the nerve ring." [WB:Paper00000938] Certain WB:Expr3186 WBPaper00024916 WormAtlas
WB WBbt:0006750

dorsal nerve cord "a bundle of nerve processes that runs along the dorsal mid-line of the animal." [WB:Paper00000938] Certain WB:Expr3186 WBPaper00024916 WormAtlas
WB WBbt:0006987

P6.pa "cell, anterior daughter of P6.p" [WB:rynl] Certain WB:Expr3186 WBPaper00024916
WB WBbt:0006988

P6.pp "cell, posteior daughter of P6.p" [WB:rynl] Certain WB:Expr3186 WBPaper00024916
WB WBbt:0006989

P6.paa "cell, anterior daughter of P6.pa" [WB:rynl] Certain WB:Expr3186 WBPaper00024916
WB WBbt:0006990

P6.pap "cell, posterior daughter of P6.pa" [WB:rynl] Certain WB:Expr3186 WBPaper00024916
WB WBbt:0006991

P6.ppa "cell, anterior daughter of P6.pp" [WB:rynl] Certain WB:Expr3186 WBPaper00024916
WB WBbt:0007260

P6.ppp "post-embryonic cell of pedigree P6.ppp" [WB:rynl] Certain WB:Expr3186 WBPaper00024916
WB WBbt:0007809

vulval precursor cell "cell that has the potential to form structural part of a vulva." [WB:rynl] Certain WB:Expr3186 WBPaper00024916

WBGene00002029
Phenotype
Homology_paralog

Observed Observed and NOT Observed
Phenotype Definition RNAi / Allele
axon fasciculation variant

"The ability of axons to converge and form a bundle of nerve fibres (fascicle) is compromised." [GO:0007413, WB:WBPerson2021, WB:WBPerson557]
Allele: WBVar00091881   WBPaper00006471   Observed
axon guidance variant

"Variations in the cue-directed extension of an axon towards a specific target site compared to control. (Axon guidance often depends on a combination of attractive and repulsive cues)." [GO:0048846, WB:WBPerson2021]
Allele: WBVar00091881   WBPaper00006471   Observed
axon midline crossing variant

"Regulated ventral midline crossing by axons vary either in the frequency of crossing events or the maintenance through development of process positions compared to control." [GO:0016199, WB:WBPaper00032007, WB:WBPerson712]
Allele: WBVar00091881   WBPaper00006471   Observed
cell homeostasis metabolism variant

"Variations in the chemical reactions and pathways involved in the maintenance of a steady-state at the level of the cell compared to control." [GO:0019725, WB:WBPerson2021]
RNAi: WBRNAi00059923   WBPaper00024916   Observed
commissure handedness defective

"Outgrowth of the commissure occurs on the side of the body different from that observed in control animals." [WB:WBPaper00032007, WB:WBPerson712]
Allele: WBVar00091881   WBPaper00006471   Observed
cord commissures fail to reach target

"Axon tracts fail to complete the connection between nerve cords. In C. elegans, these tracts grow circumferentially around the animal, completing the connection between the ventral and dorsal nerve cords." [WB:WBPaper00001499, WB:WBPaper00028984, WB:WBPerson712]
Allele: WBVar00091881   WBPaper00006471   Observed
dendrite development variant

"Any variation in the processes that influence the generation of neuronal extensions, that carry afferent (incoming) action potentials towards the cell body compared to control." [GO:0016358, WB:WBPerson2021]
RNAi: WBRNAi00084980   WBPaper00037977   Observed
distal tip cell migration variant

" Variations in the migration pattern of distal tip cells compared to control animals. In C. elegans, DTCs located on the anterior and posterior ends of the gonad primordium typically migrate in a symmetrical U-shaped pattern." [GO:0040039, WB:WBPaper00003598, WB:WBPerson2021]
RNAi: WBRNAi00059923   WBPaper00024916   Observed
egg laying variant

" Animals exhibit variations in the stage of eggs laid, egg laying cycle, number of eggs or egg laying in response to stimuli compared to control." [pmid:11813735, pmid:9697864, WB:cab]
RNAi: WBRNAi00061427   WBPaper00005839   Observed
HSN migration variant

"Any variation in the normal anterior movement of the HSN motor neurons from their birthplace in the tail to positions near the middle of the embryo compared to control animals." [WB:WBPaper00001836, WB:WBPerson2021]
Allele: WBVar00091881   WBPaper00006471   Observed
small

"Animals are shorter and thinner than control animals at the same developmental stage." [WB:cab, WB:cgc31]
Allele: WBVar00091881   WBPaper00029002   Observed


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