JCEG ID JCEG149
Name pst-1      WormBase
Human Ortholog

GGDB:SLC35B2 

OMIM: 610788

OrthoList :   SLC35B2  (Ensembl Compara)

GGDB Score E-val
SLC35B2 263 5e-72
SLC35B1 79 2e-16
SLC35B3 62 2e-11
Option tblastn : Query Worm Protein, Subject GGDB mRNA, E-val < 0.00001
Family Name PAPS synthase and PAPS transporters
Locus Tag M03F8.2
RNAi phenotype
phenotype
Microscope observation (Image)
COPAS (Image)
hsp-4::GFP (Image)
Sequence Features
Sequence CDS
Protein
References

Johnsen RC, Baillie DL Genetics (1991) 129 (3) :735-52 [PMID : 1752418] Genetic analysis of a major segment [LGV(left)] of the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Stewart HI, Rosenbluth RE, Baillie DL Mutat. Res. (1991) 249 (1) :37-54 [PMID : 2067542] Most ultraviolet irradiation induced mutations in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are chromosomal rearrangements.

Bhattacharya R, Townley RA, Berry KL, Bulow HE J. Cell. Sci. (2009) 122 (Pt 24) :4492-504 [PMID : 19920077] The PAPS transporter PST-1 is required for heparan sulfation and is essential for viability and neural development in C. elegans.

Dejima K, Murata D, Mizuguchi S, Nomura KH, Izumikawa T, Kitagawa H, Gengyo-Ando K, Yoshina S, Ichimiya T, Nishihara S, Mitani S, Nomura K J. Biol. Chem. (2010) 285 (32) :24717-28 [PMID : 20529843] Two Golgi-resident 3'-Phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transporters play distinct roles in heparan sulfate modifications and embryonic and larval development in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Shaye DD, Greenwald I PLoS ONE (2011) 6 (5) :e20085 [PMID : 21647448] OrthoList: a compendium of C. elegans genes with human orthologs.

WormBase (WS254)

Functional Descriptions pst-1

pst-1 encodes the C. elegans ortholog of the vertebrate PAPST1 PAPS (3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate) transporter and Drosophila Slalom; pst-1 is required in vivo for heparan sulfation; pst-1 is an essential gene, required both maternally and zygotically for late embryonic and larval development; pst-1 is also required for a subset of neuronal and axonal migrations and for presynaptic development in motor, and possibly touch, neurons; in regulating these developmental processes, pst-1 can function cell non-autonomously; pst-1::gfp is first detected at the two-fold stage of embryogenesis in hypodermal cells; later, pst-1::gfp expression is seen in the seam cells, pharyngeal gland cells, additional anterior cells and possibly in the intestine; PST-1::GFP shows partial localization to the Golgi.
Deletion Mutants
In Situ
Expression Expression
db_name wbbt name def reliability expr_pattern paper WormAtlas
WB WBbt:0003933

AMshR "Embryonic cell of pedigree ABpraapaapp, amphid sheath cell, right." [ISBN:0-87969-307-X] Certain WB:Expr9061 WBPaper00036358 WormAtlas
WB WBbt:0003935

AMshL "Embryonic cell of pedigree ABplaapaapp, amphid sheath cell, left." [ISBN:0-87969-307-X] Certain WB:Expr9061 WBPaper00036358 WormAtlas
WB WBbt:0005733

hypodermis "epidermal layer" [WB:pws] Uncertain WB:Expr9061 WBPaper00036358
WB WBbt:0005753

seam cell "a group of hypodermal cells that lie along the apical midline of the hypodermis, at the extreme left and right sides between nose and tail" [WB:rynl, WBPaper:00038216] Certain WB:Expr8856 WBPaper00035477 WormAtlas
WB WBbt:0005753

seam cell "a group of hypodermal cells that lie along the apical midline of the hypodermis, at the extreme left and right sides between nose and tail" [WB:rynl, WBPaper:00038216] Certain WB:Expr9061 WBPaper00036358 WormAtlas
WB WBbt:0005772

intestine "A chain of very large cuboidal cells forming a wide central lumen in which food arrives from the posterior pharynx, is digested, and from which waste products proceed to the rectum. Intestinal rings form in groups of two and four cells surrounding the common lumen; thus the epithelium is only one cell deep at any point, with neighboring cells firmly secured to their neighbors by apical adherens junctions. These cells have very large nuclei and many large vacuoles, yolk granules, and other inclusions; the latter increase in number and electron density as the animal ages." [WBPaper:00038216] Uncertain WB:Expr8856 WBPaper00035477 WormAtlas
WB WBbt:0005788

pharyngeal gland cell "secretory gland cell of the pharynx" [WB:rynl] Certain WB:Expr8856 WBPaper00035477 WormAtlas
WB WBbt:0006831

PVD "Neuron class of two interneurons with cell bodies situated laterally in the posterior body." [WB:Paper00000938] Enriched WBPaper00036375 : enriched_in_PVD_OLL
WBPaper00036375
WB WBbt:0006847

OLL "Neuron class of two neurons with ciliated endings in the lateral outer labial sensilla." [WB:Paper00000938] Enriched WBPaper00036375 : enriched_in_PVD_OLL
WBPaper00036375

WBGene00004206
Phenotype
Homology_paralog

Observed Observed and NOT Observed
Phenotype Definition RNAi / Allele
axon branching variant

"Animals display variations in the number or pattern of axonal tracts stemming from the neuron cell body, compared to that observed in control animals." [GO:0048755, WB:WBPaper00027335, WB:WBPaper00027711, WB:WBPerson712]
RNAi: WBRNAi00082865   WBPaper00035477   Observed
Allele: WBVar00094784   WBPaper00035477   Observed
Allele: WBVar00242226   WBPaper00035477   Observed
axon fasciculation variant

"The ability of axons to converge and form a bundle of nerve fibres (fascicle) is compromised." [GO:0007413, WB:WBPerson2021, WB:WBPerson557]
Allele: WBVar00094784   WBPaper00035477   Observed
Allele: WBVar00242226   WBPaper00035477   Observed
axon guidance variant

"Variations in the cue-directed extension of an axon towards a specific target site compared to control. (Axon guidance often depends on a combination of attractive and repulsive cues)." [GO:0048846, WB:WBPerson2021]
Allele: WBVar00094784   WBPaper00035477   Observed
axon midline crossing variant

"Regulated ventral midline crossing by axons vary either in the frequency of crossing events or the maintenance through development of process positions compared to control." [GO:0016199, WB:WBPaper00032007, WB:WBPerson712]
Allele: WBVar00094784   WBPaper00035477   Observed
Allele: WBVar00242226   WBPaper00035477   Observed
axon trajectory variant

"Animals display variations in the directed path taken by the axon compared to the path the nerve fiber follows in the nervous system in control animals." [WB:WBPaper00001105, WB:WBPerson712]
Allele: WBVar00094784   WBPaper00035477   Observed
Allele: WBVar00242226   WBPaper00035477   Observed
cell division variant

"Any variation that alters the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells compared to control." [GO:0051301, WB:WBPerson2021]
Allele: WBVar00252059   WBPaper00036358   Observed
cell morphology variant

"Any variation in the form or composition of the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms compared to control. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope." [GO:0005623, WB:WBPerson2021, WB:WBPerson557]
Allele: WBVar00252059   WBPaper00036358   Observed
commissure handedness defective

"Outgrowth of the commissure occurs on the side of the body different from that observed in control animals." [WB:WBPaper00032007, WB:WBPerson712]
Allele: WBVar00094784   WBPaper00035477   Observed
Allele: WBVar00242226   WBPaper00035477   Observed
cord commissures fail to reach target

"Axon tracts fail to complete the connection between nerve cords. In C. elegans, these tracts grow circumferentially around the animal, completing the connection between the ventral and dorsal nerve cords." [WB:WBPaper00001499, WB:WBPaper00028984, WB:WBPerson712]
Allele: WBVar00094784   WBPaper00035477   Observed
Allele: WBVar00242226   WBPaper00035477   Observed
cuticle development variant

"Any variation in the progression of the formation of the rigid external coating (which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells) over time compared to control animals (Wormatlas)." [WB:WBPerson2021, WB:WBPerson557]
Allele: WBVar00252059   WBPaper00036358   Observed
cuticle fragile

"The strength of the cuticle is less robust than that observed for control animals. In C. elegans the strength of the cuticle is often assayed by it's ability to protect the animal from exposure to bleach or other compounds." [WB:WBPerson712]
Allele: WBVar00252059   WBPaper00036358   Observed
cuticle morphology variant

"Any variation in the appearance or structure of the rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some interfacial epithelial cells compared to control (Wormatlas)." [WB:WBPerson2021, WB:WBPerson557]
Allele: WBVar00252059   WBPaper00036358   Observed
distal tip cell migration variant

" Variations in the migration pattern of distal tip cells compared to control animals. In C. elegans, DTCs located on the anterior and posterior ends of the gonad primordium typically migrate in a symmetrical U-shaped pattern." [GO:0040039, WB:WBPaper00003598, WB:WBPerson2021]
Allele: WBVar00252059   WBPaper00036358   Observed
early larval arrest

"Larvae arrest during early larval development. In C. elegans, this occurs during the L1 or L2 stages of larval development." [WB:cab]
Allele: WBVar00094784   WBPaper00035477   Observed
Allele: WBVar00242226   WBPaper00035477   Observed
embryonic lethal

"Animals die during embryonic development. In C. elegans, often assayed as refractile eggs that fail to hatch; when applied to large-scale RNAi screens in C. elegans, more than 10% of embryos die." [WB:cab, WB:WBPaper00000179, WB:WBPaper00004403, WB:WBPaper00004540, WB:WBPaper00004651, WB:WBPaper00004769, WB:WBPaper00005654, WB:WBPaper00024497, WB:WBPaper00024925, WB:WBPaper00025054]
Allele: WBVar00094784   WBPaper00035477   Observed
Allele: WBVar00242226   WBPaper00035477   Observed
Allele: WBVar00252059   WBPaper00036358   Observed
fewer seam cells

"The population of the lateral, alae-producing epithelial cells (seam cells) is reduced compared to control animals." [WB:WBPaper00034768]
Allele: WBVar00252059   WBPaper00036358   Observed
heparan sulfate biosynthesis variant

"Animals exhibit variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan compared to control." [WB:WBPaper00029024, WB:WBPaper00031153, WB:WBPerson712]
Allele: WBVar00094784   WBPaper00035477   Observed
Allele: WBVar00252059   WBPaper00036358   Observed
HSN migration variant

"Any variation in the normal anterior movement of the HSN motor neurons from their birthplace in the tail to positions near the middle of the embryo compared to control animals." [WB:WBPaper00001836, WB:WBPerson2021]
Allele: WBVar00094784   WBPaper00035477   Observed
Allele: WBVar00242226   WBPaper00035477   Observed
hypodermal cell elongation defective

"During epidermal morphogenesis, hypodermal cells do not properly undergo the characteristic cell shape changes necessary for the embryo to elongate." [WB:WBPaper00003991, WB:WBPerson712]
Allele: WBVar00252059   WBPaper00036358   Observed
hypodermis disorganized

"Hypodermal cells fail to be organized in the same manner as observed in control animals. In C. elegans, hypodermal cells typically organize into distinct dorsal, lateral and ventral rows and cover the entire body." [WB:WBPaper00027006, WB:WBPerson2021]
Allele: WBVar00242226   WBPaper00035477   Observed
intestinal fluorescence increased

"Animals exhibit an increase in the accumulation or expression of biochromes or any other substances that fluoresce in the intestine." [WB:WBPerson557]
Allele: WBVar00252059   WBPaper00036358   Observed
larval lethal

"The animal dies at any time between hatching and onset to adulthood." [GO:0002119, WB:WBPerson712]
Allele: WBVar00242226   WBPaper00035477   Observed
late embryonic arrest

"Cessation of development during the final stages of embryogenesis. In C. elegans, this stage normally occurs 620-800 min after the first cleavage at 20C and is the stage after elongation." [WB:WBPerson101]
Allele: WBVar00242226   WBPaper00035477   Observed
lethal

"Animals die prematurely at any stage of the life cycle." [WB:WBPaper00001109, WB:WBPerson2021]
Allele: WBVar00242077   WBPaper00035477   Observed
Allele: WBVar00242151   WBPaper00035477   Observed
mid larval lethal

"Animals die in between the early and late larval stages. In C. elegans, this occurs during the L2- L3 larval stages of the life cycle." [WB:WBPerson2021]
Allele: WBVar00242077   WBPaper00001474   Observed
Allele: WBVar00242151   WBPaper00001474   Observed
Allele: WBVar00242153   WBPaper00001474   Observed
molt defect

"Animals exhibit defects in the process of periodic shedding, of part or all of its cuticle, during cuticle replacement that punctuates each larval stage." [GO:0018996, WB:WBPerson712]
Allele: WBVar00242077   WBPaper00001474   Observed
Allele: WBVar00242226   WBPaper00035477   Observed
molt variant

"Animals exhibit variation in timing or ability to molt." [WB:WBPaper00040467, WB:WBPerson712]
Allele: WBPerson261   WBVar00242077   Observed
pharynx unattached

"The pharynx or pharyngeal muscle does not form a functional connection to the mouth or buccal cavity." [WB:WBPaper00031910, WB:WBPerson712]
Allele: WBVar00242226   WBPaper00035477   Observed
presynaptic region morphology variant

"Animals display variations in the structure, configuration, distribution or ratio of the components of the vesicle-filled varicosities of the synapse compared to control." [GO:0042734, WB:WBPaper00000938, WB:WBPaper00027305, WB:WBPaper00028886, WB:WBPerson712]
Allele: WBVar00242226   WBPaper00035477   Observed
seam cell fusion variant

"Variations in the ability of seam cells to fuse to form a continuous syncytium along the body wall late larval development, (separate from the hyp 7 syncytium), compared to control (WormAtlas). Hypodermal seam cells lie along the lateral body wall to form longitudinal stripes of epithelial cells underlying the alae, and are required for alae formation." [WB:WBPerson2021, WB:WBPerson557]
Allele: WBVar00252059   WBPaper00036358   Observed
skiddy

"Apparently normal sinusoidal movement, but appear to have poor traction on the agar surface of a culture plate." [WB:cab, WB:WBPaper00026735]
Allele: WBVar00252059   WBPaper00036358   Observed
slow embryonic development

"The progression through stages between fertilization to hatching are temporally retarded." [WB:WBPerson712]
Allele: WBVar00242226   WBPaper00035477   Observed
squashed vulva

"The apparent partial collapse of the vulval invagination and the elongation of central vulva cells often leading to a flattened appearance." [WB:WBPaper00003405]
Allele: WBVar00252059   WBPaper00036358   Observed
transgene expression increased

"Any increase in the intensity of expression of a gene product produced by exogenous DNA that has been introduced into the organism compared to its expression in control animals." [WB:WBPerson557]
RNAi: WBRNAi00094960   WBPaper00046421   Observed
ventral enclosure variant

"Any variation in the process that regulates the migration of ventral epidermal cells toward the ventral midline (to encase underlying cells in an epithelial monolayer) in developing embryos compared to control." [WB:WBPaper00027244, WB:WBPerson2021]
Allele: WBVar00252059   WBPaper00036358   Observed
vulva cell fate specification variant

"Any aberrancy in the processes that govern acquisition of vulval cell fates compared to control animals." [WB:WBPerson2021]
Allele: WBVar00252059   WBPaper00036358   Observed
vulva morphology variant

"Animals exhibit variations in the gross structure or organization of the reproductive organ required for depositing eggs and for influencing male mating behavior compared to control." [WB:WBPerson712]
Allele: WBVar00252059   WBPaper00036358   Observed


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