JCEG ID | JCEG125 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Name | sqv-5 WormBase NCBI Gene | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Human Ortholog |
GGDB:CHSY1 CHPF CHSY3 CHPF2 CSGALNACT1 CSGALNACT2 OrthoList : CHSY1 CHSY3 (Ensembl Compara)
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Family Name | Glycosaminoglycan (GAG ) and Chitin synthesis genes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locus Tag | T24D1.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
RNAi phenotype |
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Sequence Features |
tm:Detected dxd:DVD kr:Detected gg_motif:M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 |
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Sequence | CDS |
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Protein |
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References |
Herman T, Horvitz HR Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. (1997) 62 :353-9 [PMID : 9598369] Mutations that perturb vulval invagination in C. elegans. Herman T, Hartwieg E, Horvitz HR Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1999) 96 (3) :968-73 [PMID : 9927677] sqv mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans are defective in vulval epithelial invagination. Hwang HY, Olson SK, Esko JD, Horvitz HR Nature (2003) 423 (6938) :439-43 [PMID : 12761549] Caenorhabditis elegans early embryogenesis and vulval morphogenesis require chondroitin biosynthesis. White J, Bednarek S Curr. Biol. (2003) 13 (18) :R717-8 [PMID : 13678612] Cytokinesis: GAGs form the walls that separate our parts. Mizuguchi S, Uyama T, Kitagawa H, Nomura KH, Dejima K, Gengyo-Ando K, Mitani S, Sugahara K, Nomura K Nature (2003) 423 (6938) :443-8 [PMID : 12761550] Chondroitin proteoglycans are involved in cell division of Caenorhabditis elegans. Sugahara K, Mikami T, Uyama T, Mizuguchi S, Nomura K, Kitagawa H Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. (2003) 13 (5) :612-20 [PMID : 14568617] Recent advances in the structural biology of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate. Izumikawa T, Kitagawa H, Mizuguchi S, Nomura KH, Nomura K, Tamura J, Gengyo-Ando K, Mitani S, Sugahara K J. Biol. Chem. (2004) 279 (51) :53755-61 [PMID : 15485872] Nematode chondroitin polymerizing factor showing cell-/organ-specific expression is indispensable for chondroitin synthesis and embryonic cell division. Rual JF, Ceron J, Koreth J, Hao T, Nicot AS, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Vandenhaute J, Orkin SH, Hill DE, van den Heuvel S, Vidal M Genome Res. (2004) 14 (10B) :2162-8 [PMID : 15489339] Toward improving Caenorhabditis elegans phenome mapping with an ORFeome-based RNAi library. Podbilewicz B Nat. Cell Biol. (2004) 6 (1) :9-11 [PMID : 14704673] Sweet control of cell migration, cytokinesis and organogenesis. Sternberg PW WormBook (2005) :1-28 [PMID : 18050418] Vulval development. Tamas I, Hodges E, Dessi P, Johnsen R, Vaz Gomes A BMC Genomics (2005) 6 :65 [PMID : 15877817] A combined approach exploring gene function based on worm-human orthology. Blacque OE, Perens EA, Boroevich KA, Inglis PN, Li C, Warner A, Khattra J, Holt RA, Ou G, Mah AK, McKay SJ, Huang P, Swoboda P, Jones SJ, Marra MA, Baillie DL, Moerman DG, Shaham S, Leroux MR Curr. Biol. (2005) 15 (10) :935-41 [PMID : 15916950] Functional genomics of the cilium, a sensory organelle. Fernandez AG, Gunsalus KC, Huang J, Chuang LS, Ying N, Liang HL, Tang C, Schetter AJ, Zegar C, Rual JF, Hill DE, Reinke V, Vidal M, Piano F Genome Res. (2005) 15 (2) :250-9 [PMID : 15687288] New genes with roles in the C. elegans embryo revealed using RNAi of ovary-enriched ORFeome clones. Berninsone PM WormBook (2006) :1-22 [PMID : 18050430] Carbohydrates and glycosylation. Franks DM, Izumikawa T, Kitagawa H, Sugahara K, Okkema PG Dev. Biol. (2006) 296 (2) :409-20 [PMID : 16828468] C. elegans pharyngeal morphogenesis requires both de novo synthesis of pyrimidines and synthesis of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Olson SK, Bishop JR, Yates JR, Oegema K, Esko JD J. Cell Biol. (2006) 173 (6) :985-94 [PMID : 16785326] Identification of novel chondroitin proteoglycans in Caenorhabditis elegans: embryonic cell division depends on CPG-1 and CPG-2. Suzuki N, Toyoda H, Sano M, Nishiwaki K Dev. Biol. (2006) 300 (2) :635-46 [PMID : 16982046] Chondroitin acts in the guidance of gonadal distal tip cells in C. elegans. Kitagawa H, Izumikawa T, Mizuguchi S, Dejima K, Nomura KH, Egusa N, Taniguchi F, Tamura J, Gengyo-Ando K, Mitani S, Nomura K, Sugahara K J. Biol. Chem. (2007) 282 (11) :8533-44 [PMID : 17237233] Expression of rib-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of the human tumor suppressor EXT genes, is indispensable for heparan sulfate synthesis and embryonic morphogenesis. Shaye DD, Greenwald I PLoS ONE (2011) 6 (5) :e20085 [PMID : 21647448] OrthoList: a compendium of C. elegans genes with human orthologs. Olson SK, Greenan G, Desai A, Muller-Reichert T, Oegema K J. Cell Biol. (2012) 198 (4) :731-48 [PMID : 22908315] Hierarchical assembly of the eggshell and permeability barrier in C. elegans. Pedersen ME, Snieckute G, Kagias K, Nehammer C, Multhaupt HA, Couchman JR, Pocock R Science (2013) 341 (6152) :1404-8 [PMID : 24052309] An epidermal microRNA regulates neuronal migration through control of the cellular glycosylation state. Berninsone PM, Hirschberg CB Glycoconj. J. 19 (4-5) :325-30 [PMID : 12975612] The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model to study the roles of proteoglycans. |
Functional Descriptions |
sqv-5 sqv-5 encodes a chondroitin synthase that both initiates and elongates chondroitin chains (unlike human chondroitin synthase, which only elongates them); SQV-5 is required for cytokinesis (e.g., at the one-cell embryo stage), gonad migration, and vulval morphogenesis (by expanding the extracellular space of the vulva in L4 larvae); the common requirement for SQV-5 in both processes may be to promote filling an extracellular space with fluid (either in the eggshell, or underneath the L4 cuticle); SQV-5 colocalizes with SQV-1 at punctate foci (probably the Golgi apparatus) in the cytoplasm of the vulva, the uterus and oocytes; SQV-5 is most similar to human chondroitin synthase (KIAA0990) and Drosophila CG9220. |
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Deletion Mutants | n3039 n3611 tm546 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In Situ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expression |
Expression
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WBGene00005023 Phenotype Homology_paralog |
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Phenotype | Definition | RNAi / Allele | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
chondroitin biosynthesis variant
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"Animals exhibit variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate compared to control." [WB:WBPaper00029024, WB:WBPaper00031153, WB:WBPerson712] |
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cytokinesis defective early emb
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"Cytokinesis is abnormal in the first or second stages of cell division." [WB:cab, WB:cgc7141] |
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early embryonic lethal
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"Animal dies prior to the gastrulation stage of embryogenesis." [WB:WBPerson2021] |
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embryonic lethal
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"Animals die during embryonic development. In C. elegans, often assayed as refractile eggs that fail to hatch; when applied to large-scale RNAi screens in C. elegans, more than 10% of embryos die." [WB:cab, WB:WBPaper00000179, WB:WBPaper00004403, WB:WBPaper00004540, WB:WBPaper00004651, WB:WBPaper00004769, WB:WBPaper00005654, WB:WBPaper00024497, WB:WBPaper00024925, WB:WBPaper00025054] |
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gonad development variant
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"Variations in the progression of the organ that produces gametes over time, from its formation to the mature structure compared to control." [GO:0008406, WB:WBPerson2021] |
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gonad migration variant
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"Variations in the gross movement of the whole structure of the gonad along the body wall, behind the gonadal leader cell and away from the developing vulva compared to control (Wormatlas)." [WB:WBPerson2021, WB:WBPerson557] |
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heparan sulfate biosynthesis variant
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"Animals exhibit variations in the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan compared to control." [WB:WBPaper00029024, WB:WBPaper00031153, WB:WBPerson712] |
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hermaphrodite self sterile
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"Hermaphrodites fail to produce any viable progeny via self-fertilization. However, such hermaphrodites can successfully reproduce if mated to control males." [WB:WBPaper00001075, WB:WBPerson2021] |
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hermaphrodite sterile
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"Hermaphrodites fail to generate viable self-progeny and/or cross-progeny." [WB:WBPerson2021, WB:WBPerson557] |
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lethal
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"Animals die prematurely at any stage of the life cycle." [WB:WBPaper00001109, WB:WBPerson2021] |
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multiple nuclei early emb
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"Embryos contain more than one nucleus per cell in the inviable one- to four-cell embryo." [WB:cab, WB:cgc5599] |
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one cell arrest early emb
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"Embryos fail to divide and arrest as one-cell embryos." [WB:cab, WB:cgc5599] |
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oogenesis variant
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"Any aberrancy in the processes that influence the generation and maturation of oocytes compared to control animals." [GO:0048477, WB:WBPerson2021] |
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reduced brood size
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"The characteristic number of offspring produced is lower compared to that of control animals." [WB:WBPerson557] |
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sick
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"Animals exhibit some combination of abnormal features relating to size, movement, body integrity, pigmentation, viability, fertility etc." [WB:WBPaper00000179, WB:WBPaper00000565, WB:WBPerson712] |
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squashed vulva
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"The apparent partial collapse of the vulval invagination and the elongation of central vulva cells often leading to a flattened appearance." [WB:WBPaper00003405] |
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sterile
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"Animals generate defective gametes, are otherwise unable to reproduce or they generate progeny that are unable to reproduce." [GO:0000003, WB:WBPerson712] |
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vulval invagination variant L4
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"The characteristic Christmas-tree shaped invagination formed by the terminal vulval cells at the mid-late L4 stage is altered." [WB:WBPaper00001738, WB:WBPerson2021] |
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