Competition ELISA using streptavidin-coated plates (Shuhei Yamada) :

Fluorescent labeling and HPLC analysis of free oligosaccharides (Hiroto Hirayama) :

Methanolysis (Chihiro Sato) :

SDS-PAGE analysis of glycoproteins deglycosylated with Endo-H. (Kiyotaka Fujita, Kenji Yamamoto) :

α1,3/4-fucosyltransferase assay (Takashi Kudo) :

β-elimination/Michael addition of glycopeptides with ammonium hydroxide (see Note 1) (Stephanie H. Stalnaker, Lance Wells) :

3. Other biochemical analysis of ERGIC-53 in cells (Kazuo Yamamoto) :

A mixture of tryptic peptides was used as a starting material. Reduction and alkylation of proteins by a conventional protocol is recommended prior to trypsinization. (Masaaki Toyoda, Akihiko Kameyama) :

Acetone Powder Preparation (Toshisuke Kawasaki) :

Adhesion assay

 (Hiroto Kawashima) :

Affinity chromatography: Preparation of asialofetuin-agarose (Jun Hirabayashi) :

Affinity chromatography: Purification of galectin by asialofetuin-agarose chromatography (Jun Hirabayashi) :

Aggregation chimeras between diploid embryos and tetraploid embryos (1) (Masahide Asano) :

Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) staining of the imaginal discs (Naoki Aoyama, Tomoko Yamakawa, Kenji Matsuno) :

Analysis (Yasunori Kozutsumi) :

Analysis (Takashi Yoshida) :

Analysis of colitis (C) Isolation of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells (Mayuko Ishii, Shinichiro Shinzaki, Eiji Miyoshi) :

Analysis of colitis (D) Histological evaluation of colitis severity (Mayuko Ishii, Shinichiro Shinzaki, Eiji Miyoshi) :

Analysis of colitis　(A) Weight (Mayuko Ishii, Shinichiro Shinzaki, Eiji Miyoshi) :

Analysis of colitis　(B) Colon length (Mayuko Ishii, Shinichiro Shinzaki, Eiji Miyoshi) :

Analysis of Lipoprotein Binding (Nobutaka Wakamiya, Katsuki Ohtani) :

Analysis of Microorganism Binding (Nobutaka Wakamiya, Katsuki Ohtani) :

Analysis of mRNA quality Qualitative analysis of RNA is important thus should not be omitted. When polyA RNA is amplified, the same protocol of RNA analysis could be used. In amplified samples, peak of RNA will be considerably shifted toward smaller size. For comparison in DNA microarray experiments, use of similarly shifted amplified sample is recommended as the size of RNA may affect the labeling efficiency. (Hiromu Takematsu, Reiko Fujinawa, Yasunori Kozutsumi) :

Analysis of the reaction products (Akira Seko) :

Anion-exchange chromatography (Hideto Watanabe) :

Antigen retrieval (Motohiro Nonaka) :

Apply the sample to lectin microarray (Jun Hirabayashi, Masao Yamada) :

APTS labeling of monosaccharides liberated from the cell wall and CE separation (Kazuya Tomimoto, Hiroko Abe) :

Asparaginyl sialyloligosaccharide 2 (Yasuhiro Kajihara) :

Assay (Guillaume St-Pierre, Valérie Milot, Sachiko Sato) :

Assay for complement activation activity of MBP by passive hemolysis. (Bruce Yong Ma) :

Assay for ENGase assay [Li et al, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2008] (Tadashi Suzuki) :

Assay for PNGase activity using S-alkylated RNase B as a substrate (Tadashi Suzuki) :

Assay method for the antiproliferative activity of human galectin-9 (Nozomu Nishi, Takanori Nakamura) :

Assay of B3GNT7 (Ref. 2) (Akira Seko) :

Assay of B4GALT4(Ref. 1) (Akira Seko) :

Assay of Gal6ST (Akira Seko, Katsuko Yamashita) :

Assay of galactosyltransferase (Takehiko Yoko-o) :

Assay of GlcNAc6ST activities toward oligosaccharides (Kenji Uchimura) :

Assay of GlcNAc6ST5 (Akira Seko, Katsuko Yamashita) :

Assay of glucocerebrosidases using HPLC and fluorescent substrates (Yasuhiro Hayashi, Makoto Ito) :

Assay of glycosphingolipid synthases using HPLC and fluorescent substrates (Yasuhiro Hayashi, Makoto Ito) :

Assay of nucleotide sugar transporter activity (Ken-ichi Nakayama, Yoh-ichi Shimma, Takuji Oka, Shoko Nishihara) :

Bacterial glycosaminoglycan lyases to depolymerize hyaluronan (Shuhei Yamada) :

Binding Assay (Toshisuke Kawasaki) :

Binding assay of L-ficolin (Misao Matsushita) :

Binding assay of soluble ERGIC-53 tetramer to cells by flow cytometry (Kazuo Yamamoto) :

Binding assay of soluble VIP36 tetramer to cells by flow cytometry (Kazuo Yamamoto) :

Binding of MGL (Haruhiko Fujihira, Katsuaki Usami, Tatsuro Irimura) :

Binding of recombinant Siglec-7-Fc to the cell surface (Toshiyuki Yamaji, Yasuhiro Hashimoto) :

Blocking nonspecific binding (Kotarosumitomo Nakayama, Eiji Miyoshi) :

Blocking of the endogenous peroxidase (Motohiro Nonaka) :

BN-PAGE (Yoichiro Harada) :

Boron tribromide demethylation for determination of backbone sugar. (Saki Itonori) :

Calibration of red blood cells (Guillaume St-Pierre, Valérie Milot, Sachiko Sato) :

Capturing of glycopeptides by lectin-affinity chromatography To collect glycopeptides comprehensively (regardless of the glycan structure), skip this step to Title 3. (Hiroyuki Kaji) :

Cell preparation from peripheral lymph nodes (Ryuichi Murakami, Kaori Denda-Nagai, Tatsuro Irimura) :

Cell surface modification of endo-β-galactosidase⁶⁾ (Michiko N. Fukuda) :

Cell transplantation (Yasuhiro Tonoyama, Shogo Oka) :

Cellular synthesis of oligosaccharides using saccharide primers (Toshinori Sato) :

Cesium chloride density gradient ultracentrifugation (associative) for isolation of aggrecan (Hideto Watanabe) :

Cesium chloride density gradient ultracentrifugation (dissociative) for isolation of aggrecan (Hideto Watanabe) :

Checking bacterial clones for RNAi: (Sayaka Akiyoshi, Kazuko H. Nomura, Kazuya Nomura) :

Chemical degradation of Hep/HS. (To chemically depolymerize Hep/HS chains, nitrous acid treatment is often used.) (Shuhei Yamada) :

Chemical labeling of sialic acid (Chihiro Sato, Ken Kitajima) :

Chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides (Akiko Kinoshita-Toyoda) :

Climbing assay^*3 (Morio Ueyama, Shoko Nishihara) :

Cloning and expression of nucleotide sugar or PAPS transporter genes (Shoko Nishihara) :

Cloning and transfection of lysosome sialic acid transporter gene (Takaaki Miyaji, Hiroshi Omote, Yoshinori Moriyama) :

Cloning of cDNA (Yasuhiko Kizuka, Shogo Oka) :

Co-incubation of a GSL-loading TLC plate with ³⁵S-labeled bacteria (Shin-ichi Chisada, Naoyuki Matsunaga, Makoto Ito) :

Co-precipitation test (Yukiko Nakano, Kyoko Kojima-Aikawa) :

Coimmunoprecipitation assay (Nobuko Hosokawa) :

Competitive ELISA for HA (Lisheng Zhuo, Koji Kimata) :

Construction of a vaccinia virus transfer vector and recombinant vaccinia virus. (Bruce Yong Ma) :

Conversion of 1-amino-l-deoxy derivative to reducing saccharide (Shin-ichi Nakakita, Shunji Natsuka) :

Cryosection of the tissue (Motohiro Nonaka) :

Culture of neurosphere cells (Kiyohiko Angata) :

Culturing neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro with Galectin-1 (Masanori Sakaguchi, Kazunobu Sawamoto, Hideyuki Okano) :

Cy3 fluorescence labeling (Jun Hirabayashi, Masao Yamada) :

Cycloheximide-chase experiment (Nobuko Hosokawa) :

D-PDMP (Jin-ichi Inokuchi) :

Data acquisition and analysis (Jun Hirabayashi, Masao Yamada) :

Degradation of GSLs by EGCase (Yohei Ishibashi, Makoto Ito) :

Deparaffinaization and hydration of paraffin-embedded section (Motohiro Nonaka) :

Deparaffinization of FFPTs (Atsushi Matsuda) :

Desalting and purification of free oligosaccharides (Hiroto Hirayama) :

Detection (Aayam Lamichhane, Yoshiyuki Goto, Hiroshi Kiyono) :

Detection of bound lectin (Motohiro Nonaka) :

Detection of CDase activity from mammalian cells or tissues (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Detection of CDase activity from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Detection of cell death by DAPI staining after treatment with C₂-Cer and S1P (Kazuyuki Kitatani, Makoto Taniguchi, Toshiro Okazaki) :

Detection of GSLs adhering to bacteria (Shin-ichi Chisada, Naoyuki Matsunaga, Makoto Ito) :

Detection of hyaluronan by transblot analysis⁴⁾ (Naoki Itano) :

Detection of Neu5Gc (Yuko Naito-Matsui, Hiromu Takematsu, Yasunori Kozutsumi) :

Detection of products by TLC chromatoscanner. (Yohei Ishibashi, Makoto Ito) :

Detection of reducing sugar by the method of Park and Johnson (Hideto Watanabe) :

Determination of amount of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine released from substrate (Reissig et al., 1955) (Hisashi Ashida, Kenji Yamamoto) :

Determination of hyaluronan size (Naoki Itano) :

Determination of mannan-binding protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assaying (ELISA) (Nobuko Kawasaki) :

Determination of released sialic acids (TBA method (Warren 1963)) (Taeko Miyagi) :

Determination of sulfated positions in the products (Hiroko Habuchi, Koji Kimata) :

Determine optimal tunicamycin concentration (Bruce Yong Ma) :

Digestion of glycolipids by endo-b-galactosidase^3-5) (Michiko N. Fukuda) :

Digestion of keratansulfates by endo-β-galactosidase²⁾ (Michiko N. Fukuda) :

DiI labeling experiments (Jyoji Morise, Ippei Morita, Shogo Oka) :

Dilution of competitors (Nobuaki Maeda) :

Direct labeling of lectin with FITC (Motohiro Nonaka) :

Dissection of Drosophila larva (Kazuyoshi Itoh, Akira Komatsu, Shoko Nishihara) :

DNA microarray DNA microarray experiments require even hybridization regardless of the position of spot on glass slides. Thus, complete mixing of all reagents and tightly controlled temperature management is very important to avoid local concentration of reagents. Special care should be taken to achieve this. (Hiromu Takematsu, Reiko Fujinawa, Yasunori Kozutsumi) :

Double staining with alcian blue and alizarin red for skeleton (Hideto Watanabe) :

EDTA stripping of membrane-bound ribosomes (Optional) (Yoshimi Haga) :

Effect of heparin and modified heparins on VEGF-induced mitogenic responses (Koji Kimata) :

Effective targeted gene knockdown using morpholino antisense oligos in early development of zebrafish (Yukihiro Yoshimura, Makoto Ito) :

Effects of heparin on VEGF₁₆₅ activity (Koji Kimata) :

Electrophysiological recording of excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) in the Drosophila larval muscle (Kazuyoshi Itoh, Akira Komatsu, Shoko Nishihara) :

Electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) (Kazutaka Ikeda, Ryo Taguchi) :

ELISA (Yuka Kobayashi) :

ELISA assay (Nobuaki Maeda) :

ELISA for antibodies to ganglioside complexes (GSCs) (Kenichi Kaida, Susumu Kusunoki) :

ELISA using Heparin/GAG Binding Plates (Shuhei Yamada) :

ELISA using Streptavidin plates (Shuhei Yamada, Tomoyuki Kaneiwa) :

ELISA-based assay for determination of influenza virus-host receptor binding specificity (Yasuo Suzuki, Nongluk Sriwilaijaroen) :

Enzymatic digestion (Hideto Watanabe) :

Enzymatic digestion. (Shuhei Yamada) :

Enzymatic digestions of CS/DS (Nobuo Sugiura) :

Enzymatic digestions of HS/HP (Nobuo Sugiura) :

Enzymatic reaction of chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferase (Habuchi et al., 1993) (Akira Seko) :

Enzymatic reaction of GalNAc-4-O-sulfate: 6-O-sulfotransferase (Ito and Habuchi, 2000) (Akira Seko) :

Enzymatic reaction of uronosyl 2-O-sulfotransferase (Ohtake et al., 2005) (Akira Seko) :

Enzymatic reactions of chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase and dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase (Mikami et al., 2003) (Akira Seko) :

Enzyme activity assay using pNP-substrates (Hisashi Ashida, Kenji Yamamoto) :

Enzyme assay (Naoki Itano) :

Enzyme assay (Yasuhiko Kizuka, Shogo Oka) :

Enzyme assay (Koichi Furukawa, Keiko Furukawa) :

Enzyme assay (Koichi Furukawa, Keiko Furukawa) :

Enzyme assay (Koichi Furukawa, Keiko Furukawa) :

Enzyme assay of fringe (Tetsuya Okajima, Koichi Furukawa) :

Enzyme assay of GAG glycosyltransferases for chondroitin sulfate (Satomi Nadanaka, Hiroshi Kitagawa) :

Enzyme assay of GAG glycosyltransferases for heparan sulfate (Satomi Nadanaka, Hiroshi Kitagawa) :

Enzyme assay of heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase (HS2ST), heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferases (HS6STs) and heparan sulfate N-sulfotransferases (NDSTs) (Hiroko Habuchi, Koji Kimata) :

Enzyme assay of polysialyltransferase (Ken Kitajima) :

Enzyme assay of sulfotransferase for cerebroside (Koichi Honke) :

Enzyme assay of Sulfotransferases for chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (Osami Habuchi) :

Enzyme assay of sulfotransferases for chondroitin/dermatan (Osami Habuchi) :

Enzyme assay of XylT-I using the synthetic bikunin analogous peptide, Q-E-E-E-G-S-G-G-G-Q-K, as an acceptor. (Toshiyasu Koike, Satomi Nadanaka, Hiroshi Kitagawa) :

Establishment of stable cell line to CL-P1 (Nobutaka Wakamiya, Katsuki Ohtani) :

Estimation of COX-2 mRNA (Hiroshi Nakada) :

Examination of phenotypes under a dissecting microscope (Sayaka Akiyoshi, Kazuko H. Nomura, Kazuya Nomura) :

Expression analysis of Galectin-1 in the adult NSCs (Masanori Sakaguchi, Kazunobu Sawamoto, Hideyuki Okano) :

Expression and Purification of GlcNAc6STs Fused with Protein A (Kenji Uchimura) :

Expression and purification of recombinant human galectin-9 (Nozomu Nishi, Takanori Nakamura) :

Expression and purification of recombinant human MBP. (Bruce Yong Ma) :

Expression of HNK-1 epitope by transfection of GlcAT-P(S) and HNK-1ST (Yasuhiko Kizuka, Shogo Oka) :

Extraction of Dol-PP-OS from the microsomes (Yoichiro Harada) :

Extraction of free oligosaccharides from yeast cells (Hiroto Hirayama) :

Extraction of GlcCer and GalCer (Kota Zama, Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Extraction of GSLs from cultured cells (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Extraction of GSLs from tissues (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Extraction of intracellular sugar nucleotide (Takuji Oka, Yoshifumi Jigami) :

Extraction of PGs from tissues (Hideto Watanabe) :

Extraction of tissue segments (Aayam Lamichhane, Yoshiyuki Goto, Hiroshi Kiyono) :

Extraction of total fOSs from mammalian cultured cells (Yoichiro Harada) :

First immunoreaction between 5D4 and sample (or standard) (Tomoya O. Akama) :

Fixation of Drosophila tissues (Miki Yamamoto-Hino, Hideyuki Okano, Satoshi Goto) :

Fixation of the tissue (Motohiro Nonaka) :

Fixation of tissue segments (Aayam Lamichhane, Yoshiyuki Goto, Hiroshi Kiyono) :

Flight assay (Morio Ueyama, Shoko Nishihara) :

Flow cytometric analysis for cell surface hyaluronan (Naoki Itano) :

Flow cytometric analysis of cell surface glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) expression levels in pancreatic islet cells (Ohtsubo et al. 2005; 2011) (Kazuaki Ohtsubo) :

Fluorescent cDNA labeling It is advised to use polyA RNA free from rRNA. However, minor contamination of rRNA cannot be avoided in reality. Thus, adjusting polyA RNA by deducting rRNA is important. However, in general, we usually use polyA RNA samples less than 15% of rRNA contamination. (Hiromu Takematsu, Reiko Fujinawa, Yasunori Kozutsumi) :

Fluorescent labeling of reducing oligosaccharides with 2-AA (Mitsuhiro Kinoshita, Kazuaki Kakehi) :

Fluorescent lableling of glycan and HPLC analysis (Shin-ichi Nakakita, Shunji Natsuka) :

Fluorometric C₇/C₉ analysis (2) (Chihiro Sato, Ken Kitajima) :

Freezing the tissue sample (Motohiro Nonaka) :

Gel filtration (Junko Amano) :

Gel filtration chromatography (Hideto Watanabe) :

Gel filtration to remove excess free-Cy3 (Jun Hirabayashi, Masao Yamada) :

Generating somatic clones in Drosophila larvae by FLP/FRT system (Naoki Aoyama, Tomoko Yamakawa, Kenji Matsuno) :

Generation of hemicellulosic oligosaccharides by enzymatic hydrolysis (Sami T. Tuomivaara, Ameya Kulkarni, William S. York) :

GLC (Chihiro Sato) :

Glucose tolerance test (glucose and insulin homeostasis in a mouse) (Ohtsubo et al. 2005; 2011) (Kazuaki Ohtsubo) :

Glycan binding analysis by ELISA-like assay (Takashi Angata) :

Glycan binding analysis by flow cytometry (Takashi Angata) :

Glycopeptide 1 (Yasuhiro Kajihara) :

Glycosylation site–specific stable isotope tagging by PNGase treatment (Hiroyuki Kaji) :

GnT-III activity assay (Hiroaki Korekane, Naoyuki Taniguchi) :

GnT-IV assay (Suguru Oguri) :

GnT-V activity assay (Hiroaki Korekane, Naoyuki Taniguchi) :

Hemagglutination assay: Hemaggultination assay (Jun Hirabayashi) :

Hemagglutination assay: Preparation of glutaraldehyde-fixed trypsinized rabbit erythrocytes (Jun Hirabayashi) :

Heritable and inducible RNAi knockdown system in Drosophila (Shoko Nishihara) :

How to Use GMDB (Akihiko Kameyama) :

HPLC analysis (Kota Zama, Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

HPLC analysis (Ken-ichi Nakayama) :

HPLC analysis (Tadashi Suzuki) :

HPLC analysis of GAG di- and oligosaccharides (postcolumn-labeling) (Shuhei Yamada, Hidenao Toyoda) :

HPLC analysis of GAG di- and oligosaccharides (precolumn-labeling) (Shuhei Yamada, Hidenao Toyoda) :

HPLC analysis of intracellular sugar nucleotide (Takuji Oka, Yoshifumi Jigami) :

HPLC analysis of transglycosylation products (Yohei Ishibashi, Makoto Ito) :

HPLC analysis of unsaturated disaccharide from HA (Hidenao Toyoda) :

HPLC analysis with fluorimetric detection ( Li, 1992 ) (Taeko Miyagi) :

Hydrazinolysis using hydrazine monohydrate  (Shin-ichi Nakakita, Wataru Sumiyoshi, Shunji Natsuka) :

Hydrolysis of cell walls (Kazuya Tomimoto, Hiroko Abe) :

Hydrolysis of ceramide by CDase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Hydrolysis of glycosphingolipids by a sphingolipid ceramide N-deacylase (SCDase) (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Immunofluorescent staining of cell surface hyaluronan (Naoki Itano) :

Immunohistochemical analysis of mouse skeleton (Hideto Watanabe) :

Immunohistochemistry (Nobuaki Maeda) :

Immunohistochemistry for hyaluronan using b-HABP (Naoki Itano) :

Immunohistological staining of malignant and non-malignant tissue sections by the use of polyclonal antiserum specific for the cytoplasmic tail of MUC21 (Yuan Tian, Retno Murwanti, Tatsuro Irimura) :

Immunohistological staining of tissue sections by the use of antibodies specific for different domains of MUC1 (Yuan Tian, Retno Murwanti, Tatsuro Irimura) :

Immunostaining for KS (Hideto Watanabe) :

Immunostaining of Drosophila tissues (Miki Yamamoto-Hino, Hideyuki Okano, Satoshi Goto) :

In gel deglycosylation of N-linked glycoprotein with PNGase F (Kawasaki N et al, 2009). (Nobuko Kawasaki) :

In solution deglycosylation of N-linked glycoprotein with PNGase F. (Nobuko Kawasaki) :

In vitro differentiation assay (Kiyohiko Angata) :

In vitro enzyme assay of nucleocytoplasmic O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase) (Kazuo Kamemura) :

In vitro enzyme assay of nucleocytoplasmic O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT) (Kazuo Kamemura) :

In vitro migration assay (Kiyohiko Angata) :

Induction of colitis (A) TNBS-induced colitis (Mayuko Ishii, Shinichiro Shinzaki, Eiji Miyoshi) :

Induction of colitis (B) Oxazolone-induced colitis (Mayuko Ishii, Shinichiro Shinzaki, Eiji Miyoshi) :

Induction of colitis　(C) Acute DSS-induced colitis (Mayuko Ishii, Shinichiro Shinzaki, Eiji Miyoshi) :

Infusion of Galectin-1 into the lateral ventricle of adult mouse brain and quantification of its effect on adult NSCs. (Masanori Sakaguchi, Kazunobu Sawamoto, Hideyuki Okano) :

Inhibition assay using reporter cell (Kazuo Yamamoto) :

Inhibitory activity of exogenous ganglioside GM1a on the Inhibition of MA104 cells by rotaviruses (Chao-Tan Guo, Yasuo Suzuki) :

Intravenous injection (Hitomi Hoshino, Kenji Uchimura) :

Involvement of cell surface heparan sulfate in the VEGF₁₆₅-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 (Koji Kimata) :

Ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC (Kazuki Nakajima, Naoyuki Taniguchi) :

Ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC ESI-MS/MS (Kazuki Nakajima, Naoyuki Taniguchi) :

Isolation and purification of SP-A from BAL fluids (Shigeru Ariki, Chiaki Nishitani, Yoshio Kuroki) :

Isolation and purification of SP-D from BAL fluids (Shigeru Ariki, Chiaki Nishitani, Yoshio Kuroki) :

Isolation and reverse transcription of total RNA (Yasuhiko Kizuka, Shogo Oka) :

Isolation of cell walls (Kazuya Tomimoto, Hiroko Abe) :

Isolation of islet cells and culture (Ohtsubo et al. 2005; 2011) (Kazuaki Ohtsubo) :

Isolation of L-ficolin (Misao Matsushita) :

Isolation of mannan-binding protein from human serum (plasma) ~Method 1 (Nobuko Kawasaki) :

Isolation of Mannan-binding Protein from human serum (plasma) ~Method 2 (Nobuko Kawasaki) :

Isolation of mannan-binding protein from human serum (plasma) ~Method 3 (Nobuko Kawasaki) :

Isolation of mucins produced by colon cancer cells (Hiroshi Nakada) :

Isolation of S-alkylated RNase B [Suzuki, Methods 2005] (Tadashi Suzuki) :

Isolation of versican from aggrecan (Hideto Watanabe) :

Label cells in the presence of tunicamycin for inhibiting N-linked glycosylation (Bruce Yong Ma) :

Labeling of lymphocytes (Hitomi Hoshino, Kenji Uchimura) :

Labeling with pyrene butanoic acid hydrazide (PBH)2 (Junko Amano) :

LC-MS/MS analysis: Protein identification and determination of the glycosylated site (Hiroyuki Kaji) :

LC/MS (Ryosuke Kuribayashi, Shiori Nakazawa, Nana Kawasaki) :

LC/MS/MS analysis of saturated disaccharides from keratan sulfate (Hidenao Toyoda) :

Lectin affinity HPLC (Yuka Kobayashi) :

Lectin binding and chromogenic reaction (Kotarosumitomo Nakayama, Eiji Miyoshi) :

Lectin blotting procedures (Bruce Yong Ma) :

Lectin microarray analysis (Atsushi Matsuda) :

Lectin reaction (Motohiro Nonaka) :

Lectin reaction (Motohiro Nonaka) :

Linkage analysis of incorpotared sialic acids (if necessary) (Shuichi Tsuji) :

Linkage analysis of incorpotared sialic acids (if necessary) (Shuichi Tsuji) :

Linkage analysis of incorpotared sialic acids for oligosaccharides. (if necessary) (Shuichi Tsuji) :

Lipid Extraction (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Lipid Extraction (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Lipoprotein Preparation (Nobutaka Wakamiya, Katsuki Ohtani) :

Liquid Chromatography (LC) (Kazutaka Ikeda, Ryo Taguchi) :

Location of the bacterial clones for your desired genes in the library plates: (Sayaka Akiyoshi, Kazuko H. Nomura, Kazuya Nomura) :

Locomotion assay (Morio Ueyama, Shoko Nishihara) :

Making stock solution of C₂-Cer or C₆-Cer, and their preservation (Kazuyuki Kitatani, Makoto Taniguchi, Toshiro Okazaki) :

Making stock solution of S1P and their preservation (Kazuyuki Kitatani, Makoto Taniguchi, Toshiro Okazaki) :

MALDI-TOF MS Analysis of Oligosaccharides (Sami T. Tuomivaara, Ameya Kulkarni, William S. York) :

Measure incorporated macromolecular radioactivity (Bruce Yong Ma) :

Measurement of Ceramide Content Using Ceramide Kinase (CerK) (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Measurement of Ceramide Content Using DGK (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Measurement of DiI-labeled spines (Jyoji Morise, Ippei Morita, Shogo Oka) :

Metabolic labeling (Nobuko Hosokawa) :

Metabolic labeling of B16 melanoma cells with [¹⁴C]serine (Motohiro Tani, Makoto Ito) :

Metabolic labeling of bacteria with ³⁵S-methionine (Shin-ichi Chisada, Naoyuki Matsunaga, Makoto Ito) :

Metabolic labeling of CHO cells with [³H]sphingosine (Motohiro Tani, Makoto Ito) :

Metabolic labeling of glycans by radioactive sugars (Takashi Ohkura) :

Metabolic labeling of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with [¹⁴C]serine (Motohiro Tani, Makoto Ito) :

Methanolysis of glycosphingolipid (50µg – 200µg) (Saki Itonori) :

Microtiter plate assay (semi-quantitative ELISA method using recombinant GST (glutathione S-transferase) -fused annexin and anti-GST polyclonal antibody) (Yukiko Nakano, Kyoko Kojima-Aikawa) :

Mild hydrolysis and anon exchange chromatography (3, 4) (Chihiro Sato, Ken Kitajima) :

Monoclonal antibodies against chondroitin sulfate (Nobuaki Maeda) :

Mounting (Motohiro Nonaka) :

Mounting (Motohiro Nonaka) :

Mouse (gene-engineered mice) ~Fundamental behavior analysis (Koichi Furukawa, Yuhsuke Ohmi) :

Mouse (gene-engineered mice) ~Knock-out strategy (Koichi Furukawa, Yuhsuke Ohmi) :

Mouse (gene-engineered mice) ~Surgical approaches for repair activity: Hypoglossal nerve resection system (Koichi Furukawa, Yuhsuke Ohmi) :

Mouse (gene-engineered mice) ~Transgenic mice (Koichi Furukawa, Yuhsuke Ohmi) :

Non-reducing end fragment analysis (Shunji Natsuka, Shin-ichi Nakakita) :

O-fucosyltransferase assay (Tetsuya Okajima, Koichi Furukawa) :

O-GlcNAc transferase assay  (Tetsuya Okajima, Koichi Furukawa) :

Observation of Drosophila tissues (Miki Yamamoto-Hino, Hideyuki Okano, Satoshi Goto) :

Orcinol reagent (for all GSLs) (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Other biochemical analysis of VIP36 in cells (Kazuo Yamamoto) :

Paraffin embedding of the tissues (Motohiro Nonaka) :

Partial acetolysis (Shunji Natsuka, Shin-ichi Nakakita) :

Partially methylated alditol acetates from the permethylated glycolipid (Saki Itonori) :

Partitioning of GPI-anchored proteins with Triton X-114 (Morihisa Fujita, Yusuke Maeda, Taroh Kinoshita) :

Peptide preparation (Hiroyuki Kaji) :

Perifusion glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay (Ohtsubo et al. 2005; 2011) (Kazuaki Ohtsubo) :

Permethylation for glycan analysis * This procedure describes the small scale permethylation of glycans (<50 μg). (Akihiko Kameyama) :

Permethylation of glycosphingolipid (100µg – 300µg) (Saki Itonori) :

PI-PLC treatment of GPI-anchored proteins on the cell surface of intact cells (Morihisa Fujita, Yusuke Maeda, Taroh Kinoshita) :

PolyA plus RNA preparation Due to its importance, we suggest to follow manufacture’s protocol as much as possible during mRNA preparation. Sample cells have to be fresh (discarded almost all supernatant) or/and immediately deep-freezed. We use mTRAP midi kit from Activemotif (USA), which directly enriches polyadenylated RNA with synthetic polyT probe. In some samples and tissue, preparation of total RNA prior to polyA enrichment is recommended. This could be due to the interference of polyA-T hybridization by the macromolecules present in cell lysates. Although high quality of mRNA preparation is very important, other system could offer equally effective preparation. (Hiromu Takematsu, Reiko Fujinawa, Yasunori Kozutsumi) :

POMGnT1 assay (Hiroshi Manya, Tamao Endo) :

POMT assay (Hiroshi Manya, Tamao Endo) :

Preparation for Feeding RNAi: (Sayaka Akiyoshi, Kazuko H. Nomura, Kazuya Nomura) :

Preparation of 1-amino-1-deoxy derivative from pyridylamino saccharide (Shin-ichi Nakakita, Shunji Natsuka) :

Preparation of 12% Triton X-114 solution (Morihisa Fujita, Yusuke Maeda, Taroh Kinoshita) :

Preparation of a hippocampal brain slice (Jyoji Morise, Ippei Morita, Shogo Oka) :

Preparation of a mouse brain (Jyoji Morise, Ippei Morita, Shogo Oka) :

Preparation of a V-shaped well plate (Yasuhiro Tonoyama, Shogo Oka) :

Preparation of acceptor substrate (ASOR) (Yasuhiko Kizuka, Shogo Oka) :

Preparation of acceptor. Step 1: Release of N-glycans from glycoproteins. (Suguru Oguri) :

Preparation of acceptor. Step 2: Pyridylamination of N-glycans. (Suguru Oguri) :

Preparation of acceptor. Step 3: Sialidase/β-galactosidase treatment of PA-labeled N-glycans. (Suguru Oguri) :

Preparation of an intermediate analogue of keratan sulfate, GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4(SO₃^--6)GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4(SO₃^--6)GlcNAc (GlcNAcβ1-3L2L2) (Akira Seko, Katsuko Yamashita) :

Preparation of cellular nucleotide sugars (Kazuki Nakajima, Naoyuki Taniguchi) :

Preparation of crude enzyme extracts from cultured cells (Hiroaki Korekane, Naoyuki Taniguchi) :

Preparation of crude enzyme extracts from cultured cells (Hiroaki Korekane, Naoyuki Taniguchi) :

Preparation of crude enzyme extracts from tissues (Hiroaki Korekane, Naoyuki Taniguchi) :

Preparation of crude enzyme extracts from tissues (Hiroaki Korekane, Naoyuki Taniguchi) :

Preparation of crude enzyme extracts from transfectant cells (Takashi Kudo) :

Preparation of crude rough microsomes (Yoshimi Haga) :

Preparation of cryosections

 (Hiroto Kawashima) :

Preparation of Cytoplasmic fraction for enzyme source (Tadashi Suzuki) :

Preparation of Cytoplasmic fraction for enzyme source (Tadashi Suzuki) :

Preparation of ELISA plate (Tomoya O. Akama) :

Preparation of enzyme source (Yasuhiko Kizuka, Shogo Oka) :

Preparation of enzyme source (protein A-tagged HNK-1ST) (Yasuhiko Kizuka, Shogo Oka) :

Preparation of Enzyme Sources from Cultured Cell (in 100-mm culture dish) (Hiroshi Manya, Tamao Endo) :

Preparation of Enzyme Sources from Tissue (Hiroshi Manya, Tamao Endo) :

Preparation of ER or Golgi-rich membrane fraction (Ken-ichi Nakayama, Yoh-ichi Shimma, Takuji Oka, Shoko Nishihara) :

Preparation of GAGs for microdetermination (Shuhei Yamada, Hidenao Toyoda) :

Preparation of GAGs from tissue (Shuhei Yamada, Hidenao Toyoda) :

Preparation of Glycopeptide Pool from biological samples. In the releasing reaction of O-linked glycans, biological samples such as cultured cells, tissues or serum, are digested with proteases prior to the releasing reaction. For the releasing reaction of O-linked glycans of purified soluble glycoproteins, the following procedures can be omitted. (Mitsuhiro Kinoshita, Kazuaki Kakehi) :

Preparation of GST-α-DG (acceptor substrate for POMT assay) (Hiroshi Manya, Tamao Endo) :

Preparation of hybridoma cell extract (Hiroaki Imataka, Kodai Machida) :

Preparation of lymphocyte suspension

 (Hiroto Kawashima) :

Preparation of lymphocytes (Hitomi Hoshino, Kenji Uchimura) :

Preparation of MALDI-TOF Matrix (Sami T. Tuomivaara, Ameya Kulkarni, William S. York) :

Preparation of medium for cell culture: (Yoshiki Yamaguchi) :

Preparation of membrane fraction (Koichi Furukawa, Keiko Furukawa) :

Preparation of membrane fraction (Koichi Furukawa, Keiko Furukawa) :

Preparation of membrane fraction (Koichi Furukawa, Keiko Furukawa) :

Preparation of membrane fraction (Naoki Itano) :

Preparation of membrane fraction proteins (Tetsuya Okajima, Koichi Furukawa) :

Preparation of native polyacrylamide gel (Yoichiro Harada) :

Preparation of NBD-pentanol (Yohei Ishibashi, Makoto Ito) :

Preparation of pyridinium salt of sulfated polysaccharide (Ryo Takano) :

Preparation of recombinant Siglec-7-Fc and its mutant (R124K)-Fc fusion proteins (Toshiyuki Yamaji, Yasuhiro Hashimoto) :

Preparation of red blood cells (RBC) (Guillaume St-Pierre, Valérie Milot, Sachiko Sato) :

Preparation of reporter cells expressing lectin fusion protein on their surface (Kazuo Yamamoto) :

Preparation of solubilized microsomal proteins (Takehiko Yoko-o) :

Preparation of soluble ERGIC-53 tetramer (Kazuo Yamamoto) :

Preparation of soluble VIP36 tetramer (Kazuo Yamamoto) :

Preparation of Standards (Melody Porterfield, Kazuhiro Aoki, Michael Tiemeyer) :

Preparation of the microsomes from yeast (Yoichiro Harada) :

Preparation of the Recombinant Ceramide Kinase (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Preparation of the samples (Ichiro Matsuo) :

Preparation of tissue section for staining (Kotarosumitomo Nakayama, Eiji Miyoshi) :

Preparation of tissue sections (Nobuaki Maeda) :

Preparation of transplantation pipettes (Yasuhiro Tonoyama, Shogo Oka) :

Preparation of versican from aorta (Hideto Watanabe) :

Preparation of yeast membranes and alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase assay (Ken-ichi Nakayama) :

Preparetion of acceptor substrate (Glucuronylation of ASOR and removal of GlcAT-P (S) by blue-column) (Yasuhiko Kizuka, Shogo Oka) :

Preparetion of acceptor substrate (Sulfotransferase assay) (Yasuhiko Kizuka, Shogo Oka) :

Production of PGE₂ in human moncytes (Hiroshi Nakada) :

Production of Siglec-Fc fusion protein (Takashi Angata) :

Production of tetraploid embryos (1) (Masahide Asano) :

Programming the hybridoma extract with the mRNA (Hiroaki Imataka, Kodai Machida) :

Protein blotting (Haruhiko Fujihira, Katsuaki Usami, Tatsuro Irimura) :

Protein extraction from FFPT (Atsushi Matsuda) :

Protein-blotting procedures (Bruce Yong Ma) :

Protocol for subcellular fractionation of mammalian cells (Kamiyama et al. 2006) (Shoko Nishihara) :

Protocol for subcellular fractionation of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (Kamiyama et al. 2003; Goda et al. 2006; Kamiyama et al. 2006; Sasaki et al. 2009) (Shoko Nishihara) :

Protocol for transporter activity assay (Kamiyama et al. 2003; Goda et al. 2006; Kamiyama et al. 2006; Sasaki et al. 2009) (Shoko Nishihara) :

Protocol of MSⁿ Spectra Acquisition (Akihiko Kameyama) :

Pulse-chase analysis of DAF (Morihisa Fujita, Yusuke Maeda, Taroh Kinoshita) :

Pulse-chase experiment (Nobuko Hosokawa) :

Purification (Takaaki Miyaji, Hiroshi Omote, Yoshinori Moriyama) :

Purification of Binding Protein by Affinity Chromatography (Toshisuke Kawasaki) :

Purification of enzymes expressed in Drosophila S2 cells (Tetsuya Okajima, Koichi Furukawa) :

Purification of glycopeptides by HILIC (Hiroyuki Kaji) :

Purification of IgG:

 (Yoshiki Yamaguchi) :

Purification of recombinant human galectin-1(Gal-1) (Valérie Milot, Guillaume St-Pierre, Sachiko Sato) :

Purification of recombinant human galectin-3 (Gal-3) (Valérie Milot, Guillaume St-Pierre, Sachiko Sato) :

Purification of the in vitro synthesizes glycosylated protein (Hiroaki Imataka, Kodai Machida) :

Purification of the neutral fOSs (Yoichiro Harada) :

Purimuline reagent (for all lipids including GSLs, phospholipids, neutral lipids) (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Quantification of labeled cells by flow cytometry (Hitomi Hoshino, Kenji Uchimura) :

Quantification of MBP bound to mannan-coated plates (Nobuko Kawasaki) :

Quantification of MBP bound to PV-Man-coated plates (Nobuko Kawasaki) :

Quantification of MBP-binding to biotinylated mannan using streptavidin-coated plates: Assaying of MBP binding to biotinylated-mannan on a streptavidin-coated plate (Nobuko Kawasaki) :

Quantification of MBP-binding to biotinylated mannan using streptavidin-coated plates: Biotinylation of mannan (Nobuko Kawasaki) :

Quantification of proteins (Jun Hirabayashi, Masao Yamada) :

Quantitative determination of sphingomyelin [II] (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Quantitative determination of sphingomyelin [I] (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Rate of ERAD of misfolded proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Akira Hosomi) :

Re-N-acetylation  (Chihiro Sato) :

Reaction (Yasunori Kozutsumi) :

Reaction (Takashi Yoshida) :

Reaction condition (Shuichi Tsuji) :

Reaction condition (Shuichi Tsuji) :

Reaction condition (Shuichi Tsuji) :

Reaction mixture (Shuichi Tsuji) :

Reaction mixture (Shuichi Tsuji) :

Reaction mixture (Shuichi Tsuji) :

Reaction termination and product detection (Shuichi Tsuji) :

Reaction termination and product detection (Shuichi Tsuji) :

Reaction termination and product detection (Shuichi Tsuji) :

Reconstitution & Transport assay (Takaaki Miyaji, Hiroshi Omote, Yoshinori Moriyama) :

Reducing end fragment analysis (Shunji Natsuka, Shin-ichi Nakakita) :

Release of glycan from the Dol-PP-OS preparation by mild acid hydrolysis (Optional) (Yoichiro Harada) :

Release of N-glycan by hydrazinolysis (Shin-ichi Nakakita, Shunji Natsuka) :

Release of oligosaccharides from glycoproteins by using Endo-D. (Kiyotaka Fujita, Kenji Yamamoto) :

Release of oligosaccharides from glycoproteins by using Endo-F1, -F2, or -F3 (Kiyotaka Fujita, Kenji Yamamoto) :

Release of oligosaccharides from glycoproteins by using Endo-H (Kiyotaka Fujita, Kenji Yamamoto) :

Release of oligosaccharides from glycoproteins by using Endo-M. (Kiyotaka Fujita, Kenji Yamamoto) :

Releasing of N-glycans with glycopeptidase A in solution (Takahashi N et al. 2008). N-glycans from commercial human lgG by using Glycopeptidase A> (Nobuko Kawasaki) :

Releasing of reducing O-linked glycans using AGC (Mitsuhiro Kinoshita, Kazuaki Kakehi) :

Releasing the N-glycans from the glycopeptide with PNGase F (Kawasaki N et al, 2009). (Nobuko Kawasaki) :

Removal of a core I disaccharide (Galβ1-3GalNAc) from an O-glycoprotein by endo-α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. (Hatsumi M. Goda, Makoto Ito) :

Removal of fats and proteins (Junko Amano) :

Removal of residual trimethylsilyl group This procedure is necessary if the desulfated material contains water-insoluble material due to incomplete desilylation during dialysis (10). (Ryo Takano) :

Removal of sialic acids from fetuin O-glycans by Arthorobacter sialidase. (Hatsumi M. Goda, Makoto Ito) :

Reporter assay for sugar binding (Kazuo Yamamoto) :

Resorcinol reagent (for sialic-acid containing GSLs, gangliosides) (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Reverse phase clean-up of glycoprotein tryptic digest (Stephanie H. Stalnaker, Lance Wells) :

Running an ITC experiment (Ichiro Matsuo) :

Sample analysis (Melody Porterfield, Kazuhiro Aoki, Michael Tiemeyer) :

Sample preparation (Ryosuke Kuribayashi, Shiori Nakazawa, Nana Kawasaki) :

Sample preparation for BN-PAGE (Yoichiro Harada) :

Sandwich ELISA for HA (Lisheng Zhuo, Koji Kimata) :

Saponification and desalting (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

SCDase treatment and OPA derivatization (Kota Zama, Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

SDS-PAGE (Haruhiko Fujihira, Katsuaki Usami, Tatsuro Irimura) :

SDS-PAGE analysis of glycoproteins deglycosylated with Endo-F1, -F2, or -F3 (Kiyotaka Fujita, Kenji Yamamoto) :

SDS-PAGE or 2D SDS-PAGE electrophoresis (Bruce Yong Ma) :

Second immunoreaction between unreacted 5D4 and coated ELISA plate (Tomoya O. Akama) :

Selectin-mediated cell adhesion assay of tumor cells (Keiko Miyazaki, Naoko Kimura, Reiji Kannagi) :

Separation of neutral and acidic GSLs (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Separation of neutral and acidic oligosaccharides (Junko Amano) :

Serial lectin affinity chromatography (Takashi Ohkura) :

Setting up transplant apparatus (Yasuhiro Tonoyama, Shogo Oka) :

Sialidase activity assays with ganglioside substrates (Taeko Miyagi) :

Sialidase activity assays with the 4MU-NeuAc substrate. (Taeko Miyagi) :

Size fractionation by gel filtration (Junko Amano) :

Smith degradation (Shunji Natsuka, Shin-ichi Nakakita) :

Solubilization of Binding Protein (Toshisuke Kawasaki) :

Specific 6-O-desulfation of polysaccharide pyridinium salt (Ryo Takano) :

Staining (Yoichiro Harada) :

Staining (Aayam Lamichhane, Yoshiyuki Goto, Hiroshi Kiyono) :

Staining of cells (Tomoyuki Kaneiwa, Ryo Kogawa, Shuhei Yamada) :

Staining of isolated LN cells and flow cytometric analysis (Ryuichi Murakami, Kaori Denda-Nagai, Tatsuro Irimura) :

Staining of tissues (Tomoyuki Kaneiwa, Ryo Kogawa, Shuhei Yamada) :

Standard curve (Melody Porterfield, Kazuhiro Aoki, Michael Tiemeyer) :

Starting Feeding RNAi: (Sayaka Akiyoshi, Kazuko H. Nomura, Kazuya Nomura) :

Sulfuric Acid Solubilization of Plant Biomass (Katrina D. Saffold) :

Surface plasmon resonance assay to measure binding specificity and relative affinity between Norovirus and synthetic histo-blood group carbohydrates. (Haruko Shirato) :

Synthesis and purification of a high-mannose-type sugar oxazoline (Fig.2) (Midori Umekawa, Kenji Yamamoto) :

Synthesis and purification of a sialo-complex-type sugar oxazoline (Fig.1) (Midori Umekawa, Kenji Yamamoto) :

Synthesis and purification of mRNA (Hiroaki Imataka, Kodai Machida) :

Synthesis of 3 (Yasuhiro Kajihara) :

Synthesis of 4 (Yasuhiro Kajihara) :

Synthesis of glycosylated MCP-3 using sequential Native Chemical Ligation (Figure 2)¹ (Ryo Okamoto, Yasuhiro Kajihara) :

Synthesis of sialylglycopeptide-benzylthioester 4, QPVGIN(Bn-CHO)TSTT-SBn (Figure 1)¹ (Ryo Okamoto, Yasuhiro Kajihara) :

The PPI protocol consists of a total of 42 trials. In the first two trials, the magnitude of the acoustic startle response to a 120 dB is measured. These first two startle tones are presented to habituate the animals to the testing procedure. Therefore, the acoustic startle response magnitude of these two trials is omitted from the statistical analysis. In the subsequent 40 trials, the trials consist of random delivery of 10 120-dB pulse alone trials, 25 pre-pulse trials and five non-stimulated trials, during which no stimuli are delivered (see Fig. 1).  (Tomohiko Fukuda, Osamu Nakagawasai, Jianguo Gu) :

Thin layer chromatography (Takao Taki, Naoko Goto-Inoue) :

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) (Nozomu Okino, Makoto Ito) :

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) -based assay for determination of influenza virus-host receptor binding specificity (Yasuo Suzuki, Nongluk Sriwilaijaroen) :

TLC analysis of transglycosylation products (Yohei Ishibashi, Makoto Ito) :

TLC analysis on oligosaccharide and ganglioside substrates (Hisashi Ashida, Kenji Yamamoto) :

TLC Blot-MALDI-TOF MS (Takao Taki, Naoko Goto-Inoue) :

TLC immunostaining for antibodies to ganglioside complexes (GSCs) (Kenichi Kaida, Susumu Kusunoki) :

TLC of GSLs (Shin-ichi Chisada, Naoyuki Matsunaga, Makoto Ito) :

TLC-Blot (Takao Taki, Naoko Goto-Inoue) :

TMS-derivatization** (Chihiro Sato) :

Transfection: LipofectAMINE method (for adherent cells, e.g., COS-7 cells) (Yuko Naito-Matsui, Hiromu Takematsu, Yasunori Kozutsumi) :

Transfection: Retrovirus method (for suspension cells) (Yuko Naito-Matsui, Hiromu Takematsu, Yasunori Kozutsumi) :

Transglycosylation reaction (Yohei Ishibashi, Makoto Ito) :

Tryptic digestion of glycoprotein mixture (Stephanie H. Stalnaker, Lance Wells) :

Yeast culture (Yoichiro Harada) :

[Cell culture experiments using versican, by treatment with chondroitinase ABC, and hyaluronidase] Immunostaining for versican, CS, and detection of hyaluronan (Hideto Watanabe) :

[Cell culture experiments using versican, by treatment with chondroitinase ABC, and hyaluronidase] Treatment cultured cells with versican (Hideto Watanabe) :

[Cell culture experiments using versican, by treatment with chondroitinase ABC, and hyaluronidase] Treatment of cultured cells with chondroitinase ABC or hyaluronidase (Hideto Watanabe) :